4.0 GLOSSARY AND DEFINITIONS
In this guideline, the following words and expressions shall bear the following meanings:
A - E
| Active Energy |
The electrical energy produced, flowing, or supplied by an electric circuit during a time interval, being the integral with respect to time of the instantaneous power, measured in units of watt-hours (wh) and multiples thereof. |
| Active Power | The product of voltage and the in-phase component of alternating current measured in units of watts and multiples thereof. |
| Adequate / Adequacy | The ability of the distribution system to provide acceptable and continuous supply while remaining within component ratings during contingencies. |
| Apparent Power | The product of voltage and of alternating current measured in units of volt amperes. Is also the square root of the sum of the squares of the active power and the reactive power. |
| Automatic Voltage Regulator | A System for controlling generating unit or transformer voltage within set limits. |
| Capacitor Bank | Electrical equipment used to generate reactive power and support voltage levels on distribution and transmission lines in periods of high load. |
| Capacity | The net MW and MVAr capacity of a generating unit, or any other transmission/distribution apparatus at a particular time, to supply electrical energy. |
| Connection Point | The agreed point of supply established between a distributor and other entity. |
| Consumer | A person who engages in the activity of purchasing energy supplied through a Transmission or distribution system; and/or the final end User of energy. |
| Contingency | In respect of a transmission or distribution network, a sequence of related Events which result in outages of one or more transmission or distribution elements. |
| Current Harmonic Distortion | It is the measure of the departure of the a.c. current waveform from sinusoidal shape, that is caused by the addition of one or more harmonics to the fundamental. |
| Current Transformer (CT) | A transformer for use with meters and/or protection devices in which the current in the secondary winding is, within prescribed error limits, proportional to and in phase with the current in the primary winding. |
| Customer Demand | Please refer to the term consumer. Demand The demand of MW and MVAr of electricity (i.e., both Active and reactive power), unless otherwise stated, at a particular time or during a time period. |
| Discrimination | The quality where a relay or protective system is enabled to pick out and cause to be disconnected only the faulty apparatus. |
| Distribution Network | A system comprising of electrically connected equipment or elements that produce, transport, transform, control, and consume electrical power at voltage levels of 33kV, 22kV, 11kV, 6.6kV, 400V and 230V. |
| Distribution System | The system consisting (wholly or mainly) of electric lines which are owned and operated by distributor and used for the distribution of electricity from grid supply points or generating units or other entry points to the point of delivery to consumers or other distributors. |
| Disturbance | Any perturbation to the electric system caused by the sudden loss of generation or interruption of load. |
| Electrical Contractors | Are contractors having a license from PKK in the electrical category (Class I, II or III) and also registered with the Energy Commission and have own certified chargeman and wireman also registered with the Energy Commission. |
| Electrical Consultant Engineer | Professional Electrical Engineer registered with the Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM) after having fulfill all requirements to be a professional engineer as specified by BEM. |
| Embedded Generating Unit | A generating unit connected within a distributrion network and not having direct access to transmission network. This includes an embedded generator connected to its own Network which Network is interconnected with the distributor's Network either directly or through a step up transformer. |
| Embedded Generation | The production of electrical power by converting another form of energy in a generating unit that is connected to the distribution system. |
| Embedded Generator | A generator or consumer who owns, operates, or controls an embedded generating unit. |
| Energy (Active and Reactive) |
Active energy is the electrical energy produced, flowing or supplied during a time interval measured in units of watt-hours (Wh) or standard multiples thereof. Reactive energy is the energy produced, flowing or supplied during a time interval measured in units of volt-ampere-hours reactive, (varh) or standard multiples thereof. |
| Extra High Voltage or EHV | A voltage more than 230kV |
| Extra Low Voltage or ELV | A voltage less or equal to 50V |
F - J
| Frequency | The number of alternating current cycles per second (expressed in hertz) at which alternating current electricity is operating. |
| Generation | The production of electrical power by converting another form of energy in a generating unit. |
| Generating Plant | Please refer to the term generating system. |
| Generating System | A system comprising one or more generating units. |
| Generating Unit | Any apparatus which produces electricity. |
| High Voltage (HV) | A voltage more than 50kV but less or equal to 230kV. |
| Interface | Point of connection defining the boundary between entities. |
| Interruption | The loss of service to one or more consumers or other facilities and is the result of one or more component outages for a sustained duration of greater than 1 minute, depending on the system configuration. |
K - O
| Load | To Active, Reactive, or apparent power, as the context requires, generated, transmitted, distributed or consumed. |
| Loading | The apparent power level at which each element of the network is operated. |
| Low Voltage or LV | voltage more than 50 volt but less or equal to 1KV. |
| Medium Voltage or MV | A voltage more than 1kV but less or equal to 50kV. |
| Meter | A device complying with Standards which measures and records the production or consumption of electrical energy. |
| Metering | Recording the production or consumption of electrical energy. |
| Metering Data | The data obtained from a metering installation, the processed data or substituted data. |
| Metering Point | The point of physical connection of the device measuring the current in the power conductor. |
| Metering System | The collection of all components and arrangements installed or existing between each metering point and the metering database. |
| MV Distribution Network | The various circuits and apparatus owned by the distributor operating at primary phase to phase voltages above 1 kV and less or equal to 50 kV. |
| Outage | Describes the state of the component when it is not available to perform the intended function due to some event associated with that equipment. Duration will count toward computation of SAIDI. |
P - T
| Planning Criteria | Please refer to the term planning and design criteria. |
| Planning & design criteria | Refers to a set of measures for assessing the performance of the distribution system during the planning stage. |
| Point of Interface | A designated boundary of ownership between the distributor and the other entities. |
| Power Factor | The ratio of active power to apparent power. |
| Power Quality | It is the measure of the purity of supply voltage and current waveforms. |
| Power Quality Characteristics | In this Code the term refers to the measures used for determining the purity of the a.c. voltage or current waveforms. |
| Protection | The provisions for detecting abnormal conditions on a system and initiating fault clearance or actuating signals or indications. |
| Protection Apparatus | A group of one or more protection relays and/or logic elements designated to perform a specified protection function. |
| Protection System | A system, which includes equipment, used to protect facilities from damage due to an electrical or mechanical fault or due to certain conditions of the power system. |
| Prudent Utility Practices | With respect to the distributor, means the exercise of that degree of skills, diligence, prudence and foresight consistent with Electricity Supply Act 1990 and the Regulations, condition of Licence, standards, the Code and the distributor owned standards and practices. |
| Reactive Energy | A measure, in varhours (varh) of the alternating exchange of stored energy in inductors and capacitors, which is the time-integral of the product of voltage and the out-of-phase component of current flow across a connection point. |
| Reactive Power | The product of voltage and current and the sine of the phase angle between them measured in units of volt amperes reactive. The rate at which reactive energy is transferred. |
| Reliability | In the context of a distribution system is a measure of availability of Adequate and secure supply to the consumers. |
| Security | Means Security of Supply. |
| Security of Supply | The ability of the distribution system restore supply to consumers following momentary or temporary interruptions. |
| Single Contingency | In respect of a transmission or distribution network, a sequence of related Events which result in the removal from service of one transmission or distribution line, or transformer. The sequence of Events may include the application and clearance of a fault of defined severity. |
| Substation | A facility at which two or more lines are switched for operational purposes. May include one or more transformers so that some connected lines operate at different nominal voltages to others. |
| Supply Security | Please refer to the term Security Of Supply. |
| Total Harmonic Distortion | The departure of a wave form from sinusoidal shape, that is caused by the addition of one or more harmonics to the fundamental, and is the square root of the sum of the squares of all harmonics expressed as a percentage of the magnitude of the fundamental frequency. |
| Transformer | A plant or device that reduces or increases the voltage of alternating current. |
U - Z
| Voltage Dip | Transient reduction in voltage magnitude measured as the percentage or per unit reduction of the voltage magnitude to the nominal voltage magnitude. |
| Voltage Harmonic Distortion | It is the measure of the departure of the a.c. voltage waveform from sinusoidal shape, that is caused by the addition of one or more harmonics to the fundamental. |
| Voltage Sag | Transient reduction in voltage magnitude measured as the percentage or per unit remaining voltage magnitude to nominal voltage magnitude. |
| Voltage Sensitive Load | A load that will mal-operate on transient distortion of supply voltage sinusoidal waveform. |
| Voltage Transformer (VT) |
A transformer for use with meters and/or protection devices in which the voltage across the secondary terminals is proportional to and in phase with the voltage across the primary terminals. |